Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system. A closely related ISO system is used to describe the relationship between exposure and output image lightness in digital cameras. Relatively insensitive film, with a correspondingly lower speed index, requires more. Photo film with an ISO around 400 will have a larger grain size in the light sensitive material when compared to slow film. This will, of course, require less light for a proper exposure and may result in visible grain on your photographic prints.
Photo by Akio Takemoto. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
Film speed is the major marker between differences in film types. Speed will work along side the aperture and shutter speed of a film camera to determine length of exposure for successful basic photography tips. The speed is determined with a calibration number that can be used to compare different films. This number essentially describes how fast the film can capture an image when exposed to minimal light. This number is commonly referred to as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). You may also hear this number being called the American Standards Association (ASA). The ISO film speed can range anywhere from 1 to over 32,000. For some beginner photography tips regarding film speed, read on to discover which speed is right for the conditions you plan on photographing in.
Slow Speed Film Photography Tips
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Film with an ISO of less than 200 or so will qualify as slow speed film. This requires plenty of light and is normally recommended for clear, sunny days. The grains of light sensitive material in the film are very small and work well for creating large prints from the small negative. This basic photography technique works well for shallow depth of field as a slow shutter speed and open aperture can be effectively used in bright conditions. And with more light needed for exposures, slow speed film appears to have more contrast than other film types.
Fast Speed Film Guide to Photography
Photo film with an ISO around 400 will have a larger grain size in the light sensitive material when compared to slow film. This will, of course, require less light for a proper exposure and may result in visible grain on your photographic prints. Motion blur is minimized and often yields a great depth of field as shutter speeds are faster and the aperture remains somewhat closed. On a typical sunny day, the average shutter speed and f-stop will likely be around mid-point, 1/500 speed at f16. This film will also give good results on a cloudy day.
High Speed Film Photography Guide
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High speed film will have an ISO larger than 800. The speed of this film requires minimal light to make an exposure and may be useless in sunny conditions. The bright light of a sunny day will require very fast shutter speeds and apertures that will only result in frozen motion and great depth of field. However, the film is utilized mostly for indoor activities – particularly fast moving activities such as sports. But due to typical low lighting conditions, the contrast will be minimal and the grain will be most evident.
Before anything else, once film is loaded into your 35mm camera, you must set the film speed ring on the top of your camera. Alternatively, if you are using a handheld light meter, you must specify the speed on the meter. After that, you are free to start shooting with basic photography techniques such as night photography and winter photography. Read more about setting your camera for different film speeds in the film settings page.
Energy from the sun comes to the Earth in visible and invisible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Human eyes are sensitive to a small portion of that spectrum that includes the visible colors -- from the longest visible wavelengths of light (red) to the shortest wavelengths (blue).
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Microwaves, radio waves, infrared, and ultraviolet waves are portions of the invisible electromagnetic spectrum. We cannot see these portions of the spectrum with our eyes, but we have invented devices (radios, infrared detectors, ultraviolet dyes, etc.) that let us detect these portions as well.
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Light is neither a wave nor a particle, but has properties of both. Light can be focused like a wave, but its energy is distributed in discrete packets called photons. The energy of each photon is inversely related to the wavelength of the light -- blue light is the most energetic, while red light has the least energy per photon of exposure. Ultraviolet light (UV) is more energetic, but invisible to human eyes. Infrared light is also invisible, but if it is strong enough our skin detects it as heat.
It is the energy in each photon of light that causes a chemical change to the photographic detectors that are coated on the film. The process whereby electromagnetic energy causes chemical changes to matter is known as photochemistry. By carefully engineering materials, they can be chemically stable until they are exposed to radiation (light). Photochemistry comes in many different forms. For example, specially formulated plastics can be hardened (cured) by exposure to ultraviolet light, but exposure to visible light has no effect. When you get a sun tan, a photochemical reaction has caused the pigments in your skin to darken. Ultraviolet rays are particularly harmful to your skin because they are so energetic. Proxifier 2 26 full.